Labile, recalcitrant and stable soil organic carbon: comparison of agronomic management in a vineyard of Trentino (Italy)

The intensive exploitation of agricultural land has caused a depletion of soil organic carbon (SOC) and a decline in soil fertility, with a consequent decrease in the productivity of agroecosystems, also contributing to atmospheric GHG emissions. The ability of soil to storage organic carbon (OC) depends on its persistence and susceptibility to decomposition. SOC is generally partitioned into fractions differing in protection mechanisms and in turn decomposability. This study aimed to compare the OC pool repartition in soils managed with three different fertilization practices (mineral – CONV, manure – ORGM and green manure – ORG-GM) during a medium-term trial in vineyard, in order to understand the best solution in increasing C sequestration. The OC fractionation by acid hydrolysis allowed separating three fractions of OC: a labile, quickly mineralizable pool, a recalcitrant pool with a slower turnover and a stable pool protected by microbial attack. The results showed that the periodic application of organic matrices (manure and green manure), although did not increase total OC, enriched the soil along time with readily available OC, thus promoting the release of nutrients. Green manure has also been shown to promote the accumulation of stabilized OC, able to improve the structure of the soil and, therefore, its fertility

Five-year period of evaluation of leaf mineral concentrations in resistant varieties in Trentino (Northeastern Italy)

4CO.NA.VI. 2020 – 8° Convegno Nazionale di ViticolturaopenInternationalRecently new resistant and/or tolerant genotypes to the main cryptogams (downy and powdery mildew) were identified, to be used in enhancing sustainable viticulture. These cultivars (result of interspecific crossings between Vitis vinifera cultivars and other Vitis species of American and Asian origin) are experiencing a relevant expansion in Europe in viticultural regions characterized by high rainfall per year. In two sites of Trentino (Northeastern Italy) with different soil pH levels, and where these conditions are widespread, an important study was scheduled. During the period 2015-2019, fifteen resistant varieties were monitored in order to have information about agronomical and nutritional behavior. Yearly, at fruit set nutritional aspects through leaf analyses and leaf green color (SPAD indexes) were monitored. At pre-veraison, photosynthetically active biomass behavior (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI indexes) was controlled. Weather conditions of different years strongly changed the availability of nutrients in vines in relation to different genotypes and their color of vegetation and vigor. Collected results allow to suggest interventions aimed at a more suitable nutritional management for resistant varieties, in comparison of Vitis vinifera, above all for nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and zinc (Zn); in particular, for magnesium (Mg), early foliar treatments should be recommended, especially in years where rainfall is concentrated in the spring months.openPorro, Duilio; Bertoldi, Daniela; Bottura, Maurizio; Pedò, StefanoPorro, D.; Bertoldi, D.; Bottura, M.; Pedò, S

Spatial and seasonal structure of bacterial communities within Alpine vineyards: Trentino as a case study

Bacteria have a fundamental role in determining the fitness of grapevine, the composition of grapes and the features of wines but at present, little information is available. In this work, the bacteria colonizing the different portions of grapevine (bark, leaves and grapes) were explored in the vineyards of the Alpine region of Trentino, considering the impact of different environmental and agronomical variables. The vineyards included in the work were selected based on their different geographical positions (altitude) and grapevine training systems in order to explore the whole variability of the grapevine ecosystem. Moreover, the surface amount of copper was measured on grapes and leaves during the vegetative growth. Bacterial analysis, performed using plate counts and Illumina MiSeq, revealed an increase in the concentration of grape bacteria proportional to the progress of the ripening stage. Conversely, the peak of bacterial concentration onto leaf and bark samples occurred in August, probably due to the more favourable environmental conditions. In bark samples, the bacterial microbiota reached the 7 log CFU/cm2, while 6 log UFC/g were measured in grape samples. A remarkable biodiversity was observed, with 13 phyla, 35 classes, 55 orders, 78 families and 95 genera of bacteria present. The presence of some taxa (Alphaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionaceae, Clostriadiales, Oscillospira, Lachnospiraceae and Bacteroidales) was ubiquitous in all vineyards, but differences in terms of relative abundance were observed according to the vegetative stage, altitude of the vineyard and training system. Bacteria having oenological implication (Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Oenococcus) were detected in grape samples collected in August, in low abundance. The data revealed a complex bacterial ecosystem inside the vineyard that, while maintaining common traits, evolves according to environmental and agronomical inputs. This study contributes to define the role of bacteria in the complex balance established in each vineyard between human actions and agricultural environment, known as terroir

New symptoms in Castanea sativa stands in Italy: chestnut mosaic virus and nutrient deficiency

The European chestnut characterizes both the landscape and economy of mountainous Italian areas. In recent years, new canopy disorders have been reported: “chestnut yellows”, often ascribed to phytoplasma and/or nutrient deficiency, and “chestnut mosaic”, associated with a virus (ChMV). Therefore, research was carried out in four Italian regions to describe the two symptomatic frames and assess their etiology. Surveys were conducted on 101 chestnut trees (23 with mosaic, 38 with yellowing, and 40 without symptoms). The phytosanitary status was monitored, and the new canopy disorders were detected, distinguishing between yellowing and mosaic. Moreover, leaf samples were collected for molecular and nutrient analyses. No phytoplasma infection was recorded, while ChMV was detected in 91.3% of samples with mosaic symptoms, 31.6% of yellowing samples, and 30.0% of asymptomatic samples. Yellowing was associated with Mn deficiency. On the other hand, ChMV-infected and healthy leaves had similar mineral contents, showing that mosaic symptoms are induced by the virus. Both disorders negatively affected photosynthesis efficiency. These phytosanitary problems are present in Italian chestnut woods and cause local effects, and a relationship with other biotic and abiotic factors can be hypothesized. Considering the increase in new records, these symptoms represent an emerging issue whose impact and spread need to be further monitore

ESTUDOS SOBRE A EDUCAÇÃO INTEGRAL: ANÁLISES DE DISSERTAÇÕES E TESES DA ÁREA DA EDUCAÇÃO

O trabalho tem como foco a educação integral, entendida como o desenvolvimento total do indivíduo prevendo, além das aulas e conteúdos do currículo básico, atividades extras e a discussão de assuntos como política e cidadania. Nessa concepção de educação envolvem-se nos processos educativos todos os sujeitos da escola, as famílias e a comunidade geral, tornando a experiência mais rica e diversificada. Esse estudo é parte de uma pesquisa que objetiva realizar um levantamento da produção acadêmica nacional sobre educação integral, escola em tempo integral e nucleação de escolas. No recorte aqui apresentado buscamos apresentar o levantamento referente às dissertações e teses, da área da educação, voltadas à temática da educação integral. O levantamento tomou como foco a Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), empregando-se a expressão “educação integral” como assunto da busca. A partir da análise quanti-qualitativa dos 181 trabalhos encontrados, constatamos que 156 são dissertações e 25 são teses, publicados de 2006 a 2018. Os anos com maior número de publicações foram 2015 e 2017, com 31 trabalhos cada. A Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora é a instituição que contabiliza uma maior quantidade de estudos, 26 trabalhos. A palavra-chave mais utilizada nessas investigações foi “educação integral”, aparecendo em 168 trabalhos. Este primeiro exercício analítico possibilita identificar uma significativa quantidade de produções científicas acerca do tema, destacando a importância dessa política pública na educação brasileira e suscitando a necessidade de novos estudos

Sobre el objeto de intervención en psicopedagogía

En el campo psicopedagógico existen teorías procedentes de diversas disciplinas que implican una relación entre conceptos teóricos y prácticas profesionales y nos advierten sobre acuerdos epistemológicos e ideológicos implícitos acordes con el contexto histórico, cultural y sociopolítico.En este artículo, compartimos los resultados preliminares de un trabajo de investigación en curso que se pregunta sobre las opciones epistemológicas que orientan las elecciones teóricas de psicopedagogas referentes argentinas a la hora de definir el objeto disciplinar y el objeto de intervención en sus prácticas.Para ello, se presentan algunas aproximaciones teórico-epistemológicas sobre la noción de objeto de intervención y, a partir de algunos indicadores identificados en las producciones escritas de las referentes, se sistematiza y teoriza desde la perspectiva epistemológica crítico-reflexiva sobre el recorte de objeto considerado psicopedagógico y los criterios de su delimitación.El estudio permite apreciar una similitud importante respecto al recorte del objeto de intervención, aunque no sin diferencias en el posicionamiento teórico

La Psicopedagogía argentina a partir de la década de los 70. Contextos y perspectivas epistemológicas y teóricas

Since the last decades of the 20th century, in the psycho-pedagogical field we have noticed the presence of a varied conceptual and instrumental production focused on supporting psycho-pedagogical work. The objective of this presentation is to give an account of the characteristics of the epistemological scenarios and the epistemological-theoretical positions adopted consequently and that we notice through the investigation of the conceptual production belonging to Argentine psychologists who are referents of our field that constituted our unit of analysis. The research allowed us to affirm that in the context of hegemonic epistemological perspectives that prevailed in the scientific field in general, the professional psychologists found arguments to base their practices on epistemological options more relevant to the social field and made theoretical choices linked to the so-called critical theories, opening towards comprehensive, interpretive approaches that, while highlighting individual subjection, warn of the emancipatory possibilities of the subjects of the intervention. Likewise, we point out that the entry of the epistemological and its continuity in the trajectory of the psycho-pedagogical field gives rise to specific knowledge practices endowed with increasing rigor and social legitimacy.Desde las últimas décadas del siglo xx en el campo psicopedagógico advertimos la presencia de una variada producción conceptual e instrumental enfocada a sustentar el hacer psicopedagógico. El objetivo de esta presentación es dar cuenta de las características de los escenarios epistemológicos y de los posicionamientos epistemológico-teórico adoptados en consecuencia y que advertimos a través de la indagación de la producción conceptual perteneciente a psicopedagogas argentinas referentes de nuestro campo que constituyo nuestra unidad de análisis. La investigación nos permitió afirmar que en el contexto de perspectivas epistemológicas hegemónicas que prevalecían en el campo científico, en general, las profesionales psicopedagogas encontraron argumentos para fundamentar sus prácticas en opciones epistemológicas más pertinentes para el campo de lo social y realizaron elecciones teóricas vinculadas con las denominadas teorías críticas abriéndose hacia enfoques comprensivos, interpretativos que al tiempo que resaltan la sujetación individual advierten las posibilidades emancipadoras de los sujetos de la intervención. Asimismo, señalamos que el ingreso de lo epistemológico y su continuidad en la trayectoria del campo psicopedagógico da lugar a prácticas de conocimiento específicas dotadas cada vez de mayor rigurosidad y legitimación social

Impact of forest disturbance on microarthropod communities depends on underlying ecological gradients and species traits

Windstorms and salvage logging lead to huge soil disturbance in alpine spruce forests, potentially affecting soil-living arthropods. However, the impacts of forest loss and possible interactions with underlying ecological gradients on soil microarthropod communities remain little known, especially across different environmental conditions. Here we used DNA metabarcoding approach to study wind-induced disturbances on forest communities of springtails and soil mites. In particular, we aimed to test the effect of forest soil disturbance on the abundance, richness, species composition, and functional guilds of microarthropods. We sampled 29 pairs of windfall-forest sites across gradients of elevation, precipitation, aspect and slope, 2 years after a massive windstorm, named Vaia, which hit North-Eastern Italy in October 2018. Our results showed that wind-induced disturbances led to detrimental impacts on soil-living communities. Abundance of microarthropods decreased in windfalls, but with interacting effects with precipitation gradients. Operative Taxonomic Units (OTU) richness strongly decreased in post-disturbance sites, particularly affecting plant-feeder trophic guilds. Furthermore, species composition analyses revealed that communities occurring in post-disturbance sites were different to those in undisturbed forests (i.e., stands without wind damage). However, variables at different spatial scales played different roles depending on the considered taxon. Our study contributes to shed light on the impacts on important, but often neglected arthropod communities after windstorm in spruce forests. Effects of forest disturbance are often mediated by underlying large scale ecological gradients, such as precipitation and topography. Massive impacts of stronger and more frequent windstorms are expected to hit forests in the future; given the response we recorded, mediated by environmental features, forest managers need to take site-specific conservation measures